Everything about The Battles Of Corbridge totally explained
The
Battles of Corbridge both took place at the same
Corbridge, between the same contestants in
915 and
918. They were important in deciding the fate of the
Viking kingdom of York and the
Anglo-Saxon earldom of Northumbria.
First Battle of Corbridge: 915
The first battle, according to the chronicle of the
diocese of Durham (
Historia de Sancto Cuthberto), was the result of two years of raiding the coast of
Northumbria (from
913). The date of the battle is uncertain. In a battle in the
Irish Sea in
914,
Rögvaldr Guðrøðrsson defeated his rival
Barðr Óttarsson. In the same year, Rögvaldr invaded
Britain and burned
Dunblane. Rögvaldr apparently expelled the
Bernician aristocracy from Lothian, and
Ealdred of Bamburgh fled to the court of King
Causantín II of
Scotland. Finally, Causantín II allied with Ealdred. Together they met the invaders, under their leader Rögvaldr, at Corbridge. The allies were defeated and, according to the
Historia, the land north of the
River Tees was divided between Rögvaldr's followers.
Second Battle of Corbridge: 918
For the next two years, the result of the defeat was Viking raids until when in
917, Rögvaldr left with a large fleet for
Waterford. He returned in the next year to invade Britain again. This time the Scots were prepared and the armies met on the
Tyne in 918.
The
Annals of Ulster informs us that the Norse army divided itself into four columns. The Scots destroyed the first three but were ambushed by the last, commanded by Rögvaldr himself. The Scots managed to escape without disaster, however. The
Historia de Sancto Cuthberto mentions the battle site of Corbridge for this second encounter and adds that the English fought alongside the Norse that time, though it ignores the presence of the Scots, whose fighting is derived from the
Annals of Ulster. It seems that it was an indecisive engagement.
In
919, Rögvaldr descended on York. He took the city and had himself proclaimed king, establishing the kingdom of York. The Bernicians remained under him, though Ealdred and
Domnall I,
king of Strathclyde, did homage to the
king of England.
Sources
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